3^rd Global Summit on Oncology & Cancer May 06-07, 2019 Tokyo, Japan

Cancer can occur anywhere in the body. The most common sites of cancer among men include lung, prostate, colon, rectum, stomach and liver. And those for among women are breast, colon, rectum, lung, cervix and stomach. Cancers are often described by the body part that they originated in. However, some body parts contain multiple types of tissue, so for greater precision, cancers can additionally be classified by the type of cell that the tumor cells originated from. The type of cancer a person has needed to be known properly as different types of cancer can behave very differently and respond to different treatments.

Below are the major types of Cancer:

Breast Cancer, Gynaecologic Cancers -Cervical Cancer, Uterus Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Vulvar Cancer, Brain Cancer, Bone Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Lung Cancer, Lymphoma, Leukemia, Liver Cancer, Blood Cancer, Eye Cancer, Skin Cancer etc.

Radiation Oncology encompasses all aspects of research that impacts on the treatment of cancer using radiation. Radiation can be given as a curative modality, either alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy. It may also be used palliative, to relieve symptoms in patients with incurable cancers. The Radiotherapy/radiation therapy is broadly segmented into Teleradiotherapy, Brachy-radiotherapy and Metabolic Radiotherapy. Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine that uses radiation to provide information about the functioning of a person's specific organs or to treat disease. Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues.

• 3D conformal radiation therapy
• Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
• Volumetric modulated radiation therapy (VMAT)
• Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT)
• Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
• Brachytherapy
• Superficial x-ray radiation therapy (SXRT)
• Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT)

Surgery is used to diagnose stage and treat cancer, and certain cancer-related symptoms. It is the branch of surgery applied to oncology; it focuses on the surgical management of tumors, especially cancerous tumors. Surgical oncology is a specialized area of oncology that engages surgeons in the cure and management of cancer. Whether a patient is a candidate for surgery depends on factors such as the type, size, location, grade and stage of the tumor, as well as general health factors such as age, physical fitness and other medical comorbidities. For many patients, surgery will be combined with other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy or hormone therapy.

Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. Stem Cells and Tumors cancer cells also have the characteristic which is also associated with normal stems cells. Stem Cell Therapy is using to prevent the disease. Stems cells transplant is used to treatment of cancer like leukemia, multiple myeloma & lymphoma. Cord Blood Stem and Cancer cord blood contains hematopoietic (blood) stem cell. They have long been used in stem cell treatments for leukemia, blood and bone marrow disorders when chemotherapy is used.

• Cancer Stem Cells
• Stem Cells and Tumors
• Stem Cell Transplantation
• Bone Marrow Transplantation
• Cord Blood Stem Cells and Cancer
• Stem Cell Research

Precision medicine is the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient and his or her disease. Moreover, through the precision medicine approach, the treatment of each patient can be focused on drugs most likely to benefit him or her, sparing the patient the cost and potential harmful side effects from drugs that are unlikely to be beneficial. Oncology has been leading precision medicine efforts largely because of our immense knowledge of the role of genetic mutations in the development and progression of cancer. Precision medicine enables to approach detection, diagnosis and treatment in an in-depth way to determine how a cancer develops, grows and spreads.

A cancer biomarker refers to a substance or process that is indicative of the presence of cancer in the body. A biomarker may be a molecule secreted by a tumor or a specific response of the body to the presence of cancer. Genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, glycemic, and imaging biomarkers can be used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and epidemiology. While some cancer biomarkers can be used to predict how aggressively your cancer will grow, and are therefore useful for assessing your prognosis, the most promising use of biomarkers today is to identify which therapies a patient’s cancer may or may not respond to. 

• Imaging Biomarkers
• Clinical Biomarkers
• Genetic Biomarkers
• Predictive Cancer Biomarkers
• Molecular Biomarkers
• Cell Free Biomarkers

Cancer Epidemiology includes the study of the factors affecting cancer, to infer possible trends and causes. The study of cancer epidemiology uses epidemiological methods to find the cause of cancer and to identify and develop improved treatments. It can be used to identify events that increase or decrease cancer incidence in specific populations. The studies related to population-based research on cancer etiology, prevention, surveillance and survivorship, analytical, and molecular epidemiology, survivorship studies, risk factors, as well as the role of behavioral factors in cancer etiology and prevention are also included.

Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease the risk of cancer. Most of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors, and many, but not all, of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. An individual's risk of developing cancer can be substantially reduced by healthy behavior. Cancer Prevention Research comprises preclinical, clinical and translational research, with special attention given to molecular discoveries and an emphasis on building a translational bridge between the basic and clinical sciences.

Cancer can be treated by different processes. The choice of therapy depends upon the location and grade of the tumor and the stage of the disease, as well as the general state of the patient). Many experimental cancer treatments are also under development. Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. You may also have immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or hormone therapy.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Learn how chemotherapy works against cancer, why it causes side effects, and how it is used with other cancer treatments.

Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy is a treatment that slows or stops the growth of breast and prostate cancers that use hormones to grow. Learn about the types of hormone therapy and side effects that may happen.

Precision Medicine

Precision medicine helps doctors select treatments that are most likely to help patients based on a genetic understanding of their disease. Learn about the role precision medicine plays in cancer treatment, including how genetic changes in a person's cancer are identified and used to select treatments.

Cancer pharmacology plays a key role in drug development. In both the laboratory and the clinic, cancer pharmacology has had to adapt to the changing face of drug development by establishing experimental models and target orientated approaches. It also focuses on developing experimental approaches to the clinical treatment of cancer through research that bridges the fields of molecular carcinogenesis, biochemical pharmacology, radiation biology, and clinical pharmacology. It generally involves the pharmacological and oncological aspects of drugs at both

Cancer  vaccines  generally either treats existing cancer or prevents development of a cancer. Cancer treatment vaccines are made up of cancer cells, parts of cells, or pure antigens. Sometimes a patient’s own immune cells are removed and exposed to these substances in the lab to create the vaccines.

Cancer immunology is a branch of immunology that studies interactions between the immune system and cancer cells (also called tumors or malignancies). It is a field of research that aims to discover cancer immunotherapies to treat and retard progression of the disease. Cancer immunotherapy also known as Immune-oncology is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies can be categorized as active, passive or hybrid (active and passive). The immune response, including the recognition of cancer-specific antigens, forms the basis of targeted therapy (such as vaccines and antibody therapies) and tumor marker-based diagnostic tests.

Oncology Nursing is a field involving practice encompasses the roles of direct caregiver,educator,consultant,administrator,and researcher. Oncology and cancer nursing extends to all care delivery settings where clients experiencing or at risk for developing cancer receive health care, education, and counseling for cancer prevention, screening and detection. It also involves appropriate screenings and other preventative practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon end of life.

Alternative cancer treatments may not play a direct role in curing your cancer, but they may help you cope with signs and symptoms caused by cancer and cancer treatments. CAM is the term for medical products and practices that are not part of standard care. Integrating the best of evidence-based complementary and alternative cancer treatments with the treatments you receive from your doctor may help relieve many of the symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment.

Increased cancer awareness improves survival. Social and Economic Impact also harm the quality of cancer care. People who are not financially not strong do not receive good treatment. Cancer symptom awareness and cancer survival are associated. Cancer Awareness Program is conducted by government and many organizations to bring the awareness in the people to decrease the cancer levels & towards all oncology programs. Campaigns should focus on improving awareness about cancer symptoms, especially in socioeconomically deprived areas.

Many factors influence the development of cancer. Over the last 25 years, science has shown that diet, physical activity, and body weight—especially being overweight or obese—are major risk factors for developing certain types of cancer. Around a third of the most common cancers could be prevented through lifestyle changes. The main behavioral and environmental risk factors for cancer mortality in the world are related to diet and physical inactivity, use of addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health and exposure to air pollution and use of contaminated needles. The body’s ability to resist cancer may be helped by following a healthy diet, staying physically active, and avoiding excess body fat.  Cancer and cancer treatments can also affect your body's ability to tolerate certain foods and use nutrients.

If one is fighting cancer, it is not uncommon to experience psychological distress. Whether it is coping with the diagnosis, the challenges of treatment, or continued worry about a recurrence, emotions brought on by the cancer experience can be difficult to handle. Cancer’s effects are far more than physical. Many survivors find that cancer’s impact spills over into the emotional, psychological and spiritual realms. This might happen either during or right after treatment - or not for years.

Cancer prognosis gives us the information about the percentage of people who survive a certain type of cancer for specific amount of time. There are different ways to measure and report survival and different types of cancer survival statistics. Cancer survival rates are supported the research by giving information gathered from about hundreds or thousands of individuals with a particular cancer. Some of the factors that affect prognosis like the type of cancer, its location in the body, the stage, size of the cancer, the cancer’s grade, age of the patients etc. The period of time varies; it may be 1-5 years. Cancer specific survival is also called as disease-specific survival.

The discovery of new cancer drugs happens in a variety of ways like an Accidental discovery in case of the Nitrogen mustard, depends upon the Testing plants, fungi, and animals and reviewing the biology of malignant cells. Maximum scientists who are generating cancer drugs twitch by equating the genetics originated in DNA and cellular processes of cancer cells to healthy cells. These identify imperative phases in the cancer growth procedure that a drug could possibly fix. Once drugs are formed, scientists test them on humanoid tumor cells in the lab to see as they halt the growth of cancer cells. Next, they test the drug in animals to check it is still effective at treating cancer. Researchers test the drug in two or more animal species. Testing in animals helps academics learn how the body uses the new drug. Also, it shows what side effects the drug may cause and what dose of the drug to use in human research trials.

Cancer Cancer metabolism. Cancer metabolism refers to the alterations in cellular metabolism pathways that are evident in cancer cells compared with most normal tissue cells.Metabolic alterations in cancer cells are numerous and include aerobic glycolysis, reduced oxidative phosphorylation and the increased generation of biosynthetic intermediates needed for cell growth and proliferation.

Gynecologic Oncology is the study about any cancer that begins in a woman's reproductive organs. The five Gynaecology cancers start in the woman's pelvis at different places. Each cancer is unique by its symptoms, signs, risk factors and in their strategies of prevention. All these five different types of Gynaecology Cancers risk increases with the age. When these cancers were diagnosed at their early stages, the treatment will be more efficient. The five major types of cancer affect a woman's reproductive organs are ovarian, uterine, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancer. All these as a group are known as Gynaecology cancers.

Trends in Cancer Research and Chemotherapy is a peer-reviewed online open access journal seeking to publish all types of articles on all aspects of cancer research and chemotherapy, including the pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancers. TCRC welcomes submissions also concerning molecular and cellular biology, genes, epidemiology, and clinical trials which are directly or indirectly related to cancer and chemotherapy.

Trends in Cancer Research and Chemotherapy show window of the progress of oncological sciences around the globe and presents research with the objective to serve as the ideal source to educate physicians, dentists, nurses, students, social workers as well as other allied health professionals, patients, and the public to improve current cancer education techniques and solve current problems.

International in scope, the journal features a varied editorial board made up of professors all over the world working in the field, who see the importance of disseminating information about improving cancer education worldwide. The readership has expanded beyond the boundaries of the country.

The management of cancer in the older aged person is an increasingly common problem. The questions arising from this problem are: Is the patient going to die with cancer or of cancer? Is the patient able to tolerate the stress of antineoplastic therapy? Is the treatment producing more benefits than harm

This explores a practical, approach to these questions including a multidimensional assessment of the older person and simple pharmacologic interventions that may ameliorate the toxicity of antineoplastic agents. Age may be construed as a progressive loss of stress tolerance, due to decline in functional reserve of multiple organ systems, high prevalence of comorbid conditions, limited socioeconomic support, reduced cognition, and higher prevalence of depression. Aging is highly individualized: chronologic age may not reflect the functional reserve and life expectancy of an individual. A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) best accounts for the diversities in the geriatric population. The advantages of the CGA include